TALK=T;RUN(1,1) DISPLAY This case describes how the 'moving grid' method (see MOFOR entry in Encyclopedia, POLIS) is applied to simulation of a sphere falling through air. The 'moving grid' method is implemented by In-Form formulae written in the Q1 file. A sphere falls through air experiences a force in direction opposite to its motion. Terminal velocity is achieved when the drag force is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the gravity force propelling the sphere. In this case, the quadratic drag equation is used to calculate the drag force as follows. Fd = - 0.5 * rho * U**2.0 * A * Cd where Fd is the force of drag rho is the density of air U is the speed of the sphere A is the area of the projection of the sphere on a plane perpendicular to the direction of motion. Cd is the drag coefficient The velocity as a function of time for the sphere can be deriv$ ed as follows: U(t)= A1 * (EXP(A2*t)-1)/(EXP(A2*t)+1) where A1 = (2*M*G/rho*A*Cd)**0.5) A2 = ((2*rho*A*Cd*G)/M)**0.5 where G is the gravity,9.81 M is the mass of the sphere The following terminal velcoty is asymptotically approached: Utm = (2*M*G/rho*A*Cd)**0.5 The accelaration is given by the derivative of the velocity function with respect to time, a = 4*A1**2.0*A3*EXP(A2*t)/(EXP(A2*t)+1)**2.0 where A3 is 0.5*rho*A*Cd/M The fluid used is air; the radius of the sphere is 1.0 and the drag coefficient, Cd used is 1.0 This file contains a marco of commands which cause the Viewer when the Macro button is pressed to display the animation automatically. Note that the probe value of the last contour indicates the terminal velocity. ENDDIS VRV USE DOMAIN ON * Setting object visibility and painting status OBJECT SHOW TYPE BLOCKAGE OBJECT PAINT TYPE BLOCKAGE OFF OBJECT WIREFRAME TYPE BLOCKAGE OFF OBJECT SHOW TYPE OUTLET OBJECT PAINT TYPE OUTLET OFF OBJECT WIREFRAME TYPE OUTLET OFF VARIABLE Pressure; CON ON VECTOR ON ANIMATE 1 20 1 VARIABLE Velocity;vector on PAUSE ENDUSE ************************************************************ Group 1. Run Title and Number ************************************************************ ************************************************************ TEXT(Falling sphere with air resistance ) ************************************************************ ************************************************************ IRUNN = 1 ;LIBREF = 0 ************************************************************ Group 2. Time dependence STEADY = F * Set overall time and no. of steps TFIRST =0. ;TLAST =4. FSTEP = 1 ;LSTEP = 80 TFRAC(1)=0.0125 ;TFRAC(2)=0.025 TFRAC(3)=0.0375 ;TFRAC(4)=0.05 TFRAC(5)=0.0625 ;TFRAC(6)=0.075 TFRAC(7)=0.0875 ;TFRAC(8)=0.1 TFRAC(9)=0.1125 ;TFRAC(10)=0.125 TFRAC(11)=0.1375 ;TFRAC(12)=0.15 TFRAC(13)=0.1625 ;TFRAC(14)=0.175 TFRAC(15)=0.1875 ;TFRAC(16)=0.2 TFRAC(17)=0.2125 ;TFRAC(18)=0.225 TFRAC(19)=0.2375 ;TFRAC(20)=0.25 TFRAC(21)=0.2625 ;TFRAC(22)=0.275 TFRAC(23)=0.2875 ;TFRAC(24)=0.3 TFRAC(25)=0.3125 ;TFRAC(26)=0.325 TFRAC(27)=0.3375 ;TFRAC(28)=0.35 TFRAC(29)=0.3625 ;TFRAC(30)=0.375 TFRAC(31)=0.3875 ;TFRAC(32)=0.4 TFRAC(33)=0.4125 ;TFRAC(34)=0.425 TFRAC(35)=0.4375 ;TFRAC(36)=0.45 TFRAC(37)=0.4625 ;TFRAC(38)=0.475 TFRAC(39)=0.4875 ;TFRAC(40)=0.5 TFRAC(41)=0.5125 ;TFRAC(42)=0.525 TFRAC(43)=0.5375 ;TFRAC(44)=0.55 TFRAC(45)=0.5625 ;TFRAC(46)=0.575 TFRAC(47)=0.5875 ;TFRAC(48)=0.6 TFRAC(49)=0.6125 ;TFRAC(50)=0.625 TFRAC(51)=0.6375 ;TFRAC(52)=0.65 TFRAC(53)=0.6625 ;TFRAC(54)=0.675 TFRAC(55)=0.6875 ;TFRAC(56)=0.7 TFRAC(57)=0.7125 ;TFRAC(58)=0.725 TFRAC(59)=0.7375 ;TFRAC(60)=0.75 TFRAC(61)=0.7625 ;TFRAC(62)=0.775 TFRAC(63)=0.7875 ;TFRAC(64)=0.8 TFRAC(65)=0.8125 ;TFRAC(66)=0.825 TFRAC(67)=0.8375 ;TFRAC(68)=0.85 TFRAC(69)=0.8625 ;TFRAC(70)=0.875 TFRAC(71)=0.8875 ;TFRAC(72)=0.9 TFRAC(73)=0.9125 ;TFRAC(74)=0.925 TFRAC(75)=0.9375 ;TFRAC(76)=0.95 TFRAC(77)=0.9625 ;TFRAC(78)=0.975 TFRAC(79)=0.9875 ;TFRAC(80)=1. ************************************************************ Group 3. X-Direction Grid Spacing CARTES = T NX = 18 XULAST =4. XFRAC(1)=0.05 ;XFRAC(2)=0.1 XFRAC(3)=0.15 ;XFRAC(4)=0.2 XFRAC(5)=0.25 ;XFRAC(6)=0.305556 XFRAC(7)=0.361111 ;XFRAC(8)=0.416667 XFRAC(9)=0.472222 ;XFRAC(10)=0.527778 XFRAC(11)=0.583333 ;XFRAC(12)=0.638889 XFRAC(13)=0.694444 ;XFRAC(14)=0.75 XFRAC(15)=0.8125 ;XFRAC(16)=0.875 XFRAC(17)=0.9375 ;XFRAC(18)=1. ************************************************************ Group 4. Y-Direction Grid Spacing NY = 18 YVLAST =4. YFRAC(1)=0.05 ;YFRAC(2)=0.1 YFRAC(3)=0.15 ;YFRAC(4)=0.2 YFRAC(5)=0.25 ;YFRAC(6)=0.305556 YFRAC(7)=0.361111 ;YFRAC(8)=0.416667 YFRAC(9)=0.472222 ;YFRAC(10)=0.527778 YFRAC(11)=0.583333 ;YFRAC(12)=0.638889 YFRAC(13)=0.694444 ;YFRAC(14)=0.75 YFRAC(15)=0.8125 ;YFRAC(16)=0.875 YFRAC(17)=0.9375 ;YFRAC(18)=1. ************************************************************ Group 5. Z-Direction Grid Spacing PARAB = F NZ = 31 ZWLAST =10. ZFRAC(1)=0.030769 ;ZFRAC(2)=0.061538 ZFRAC(3)=0.092308 ;ZFRAC(4)=0.123077 ZFRAC(5)=0.153846 ;ZFRAC(6)=0.184615 ZFRAC(7)=0.215385 ;ZFRAC(8)=0.246154 ZFRAC(9)=0.276923 ;ZFRAC(10)=0.307692 ZFRAC(11)=0.338462 ;ZFRAC(12)=0.369231 ZFRAC(13)=0.4 ;ZFRAC(14)=0.433333 ZFRAC(15)=0.466667 ;ZFRAC(16)=0.5 ZFRAC(17)=0.533333 ;ZFRAC(18)=0.566667 ZFRAC(19)=0.6 ;ZFRAC(20)=0.633333 ZFRAC(21)=0.666667 ;ZFRAC(22)=0.7 ZFRAC(23)=0.733333 ;ZFRAC(24)=0.766667 ZFRAC(25)=0.8 ;ZFRAC(26)=0.833333 ZFRAC(27)=0.866667 ;ZFRAC(28)=0.9 ZFRAC(29)=0.933333 ;ZFRAC(30)=0.966667 ZFRAC(31)=1. ************************************************************ Group 6. Body-Fitted Coordinates ************************************************************ Group 7. Variables: STOREd,SOLVEd,NAMEd ONEPHS = T NAME(1)=P1 ;NAME(3)=U1 NAME(5)=V1 ;NAME(7)=W1 NAME(148)=E1 ;NAME(149)=VLSQ NAME(150)=PRPS * Y in SOLUTN argument list denotes: * 1-stored 2-solved 3-whole-field * 4-point-by-point 5-explicit 6-harmonic averaging SOLUTN(P1,Y,Y,Y,N,N,Y) SOLUTN(U1,Y,Y,N,N,N,Y) SOLUTN(V1,Y,Y,Y,N,N,Y) SOLUTN(W1,Y,Y,Y,N,N,Y) SOLUTN(E1,Y,N,N,N,N,N) SOLUTN(VLSQ,Y,N,N,N,N,Y) SOLUTN(PRPS,Y,N,N,N,N,Y) PRPS = 150 ************************************************************ Group 8. Terms & Devices * Y in TERMS argument list denotes: * 1-built-in source 2-convection 3-diffusion 4-transient * 5-first phase variable 6-interphase transport TERMS(P1,Y,Y,Y,N,Y,Y) TERMS(U1,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y) TERMS(V1,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y) TERMS(W1,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y) DIFCUT =0.5 ;ZDIFAC =1. GALA = F ;ADDDIF = F ISOLX = -1 ;ISOLY = -1 ;ISOLZ = -1 ************************************************************ Group 9. Properties used if PRPS is not stored, and where PRPS = -1.0 if it is! RHO1 =1. ;TMP1 =0. ;EL1 =0. TSURR =0. ;TEMP0 =0. ;PRESS0 =0. DVO1DT =0. ;DRH1DP =0. EMISS =0. ;SCATT =0. RADIA =0. ;RADIB =0. ENUL =1.0E-05 ;ENUT =0. PRNDTL(U1)=1. ;PRNDTL(V1)=1. PRNDTL(W1)=1. PRT(U1)=1. ;PRT(V1)=1. PRT(W1)=1. CP1 =1005. ;CP2 =1. ************************************************************ Group 10.Inter-Phase Transfer Processes ************************************************************ Group 11.Initial field variables (PHIs) FIINIT(P1)=1.0E-10 ;FIINIT(U1)=1.0E-10 FIINIT(V1)=1.0E-10 ;FIINIT(W1)=1.0E-10 FIINIT(E1)=1.0E-10 ;FIINIT(VLSQ)=1.0E-10 FIINIT(PRPS)=-1. PATCH(^OB2 ,INIVAL, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1) INIT(^OB2 ,PRPS,0. ,198. ) INIADD = F FSWEEP = 1 NAMFI =CHAM ************************************************************ Group 12. Patchwise adjustment of terms Patches for this group are printed with those for Group 13. Their names begin either with GP12 or & ************************************************************ Group 13. Boundary & Special Sources PATCH(IN ,LOW , 1, 18, 1, 18, 1, 1, 1, 80) COVAL(IN ,P1 ,In-Form:source - see Grp 19) COVAL(IN ,W1 ,In-Form:source - see Grp 19) PATCH(ACEL ,PHASEM, 1, 18, 1, 18, 1, 31, 1, 80) COVAL(ACEL ,W1 ,In-Form:source - see Grp 19) PATCH(OB1 ,HIGH , 1, 18, 1, 18, 31, 31, 1, 80) COVAL(OB1 ,P1 ,1000. ,0. ) COVAL(OB1 ,U1 ,0. ,0. ) COVAL(OB1 ,V1 ,0. ,0. ) COVAL(OB1 ,W1 ,0. ,0. ) XCYCLE = F EGWF = T WALLCO = GRND2 ************************************************************ Group 14. Downstream Pressure For PARAB ************************************************************ Group 15. Terminate Sweeps LSWEEP = 20 ;ISWC1 = 1 LITHYD = 1 ;LITFLX = 1 ;LITC = 1 ;ITHC1 = 1 SELREF = T RESFAC =1.0E-03 ************************************************************ Group 16. Terminate Iterations LITER(P1)=250 ;LITER(U1)=10 LITER(V1)=10 ;LITER(W1)=10 ENDIT(P1)=1.0E-03 ;ENDIT(U1)=1.0E-03 ENDIT(V1)=1.0E-03 ;ENDIT(W1)=1.0E-03 ************************************************************ Group 17. Relaxation RELAX(P1,LINRLX,1.) RELAX(U1,FALSDT,1.) RELAX(V1,FALSDT,1.) RELAX(W1,FALSDT,1.) RELAX(E1,LINRLX,1.) RELAX(VLSQ,LINRLX,1.) RELAX(PRPS,LINRLX,1.) OVRRLX =0. EXPERT = F ;NNORSL = F ************************************************************ Group 18. Limits VARMAX(P1)=1.0E+10 ;VARMIN(P1)=-1.0E+10 VARMAX(U1)=1.0E+06 ;VARMIN(U1)=-1.0E+06 VARMAX(V1)=1.0E+06 ;VARMIN(V1)=-1.0E+06 VARMAX(W1)=1.0E+06 ;VARMIN(W1)=-1.0E+06 VARMAX(E1)=1.0E+10 ;VARMIN(E1)=-1.0E+10 VARMAX(VLSQ)=1.0E+10 ;VARMIN(VLSQ)=-1.0E+10 VARMAX(PRPS)=1.0E+10 ;VARMIN(PRPS)=-1.0E+10 ************************************************************ Group 19. Data transmitted to GROUND NAMSAT =MOSG PARSOL = F CALFOR = T ISG62 = 1 SPEDAT(SET,GXMONI,TRANSIENT,L,F) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,R1!IN,C,=5.114685*(EXP(3.836014*TIM)-1)/(EXP(3.$) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,R1!IN,C,836014*TIM)+1)*RHO1) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,W1!IN,C,=5.114685*(EXP(3.836014*TIM)-1)/(EXP(3.$) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,W1!IN,C,836014*TIM)+1)!ONLYMS) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,W1!ACEL,C,=4*9.81*EXP(3.836014*(TIM-0.025))/(EX$) SPEDAT(SET,SOURCE,W1!ACEL,C,P(3.836014*(TIM-0.025))+1)^2.0) SPEDAT(SET,STORED,E1,C,=4*9.81*EXP(3.836014*(TIM-0.025))/(EXP(3.8$) SPEDAT(SET,STORED,E1,C,36014*(TIM-0.025))+1)^2.0!ZSLFIN) SPEDAT(SET,GXMONI,PLOTALL,L,T) SPEDAT(SET,DRAG,MOMCENX,R,0.) SPEDAT(SET,DRAG,MOMCENY,R,0.) SPEDAT(SET,DRAG,MOMCENZ,R,0.) SPEDAT(SET,OBJNAM,!OB1,C,B2) SPEDAT(SET,OBJTYP,!OB1,C,OUTLET) SPEDAT(SET,ARATIO,!OB1,R,1.) SPEDAT(SET,OBJNAM,^OB2,C,B3) SPEDAT(SET,OBJTYP,^OB2,C,BLOCKAGE) SPEDAT(SET,B3,MATERIAL,R,198.) SPEDAT(SET,FACETDAT,NUMOBJ,I,2) SPEDAT(SET,MATERIAL,198,L,T) RG( 1) =2. ************************************************************ Group 20. Preliminary Printout DISTIL = T ;NULLPR = F NDST = 0 DSTTOL =1.0E-02 EX(P1)=1.545 ;EX(U1)=0.1283 EX(V1)=0.1283 ;EX(W1)=5.154 EX(E1)=0. ;EX(VLSQ)=0. EX(PRPS)=0. ************************************************************ Group 21. Print-out of Variables INIFLD = F ;SUBWGR = F * Y in OUTPUT argument list denotes: * 1-field 2-correction-eq. monitor 3-selective dumping * 4-whole-field residual 5-spot-value table 6-residual table OUTPUT(P1,Y,N,Y,Y,Y,Y) OUTPUT(U1,Y,N,Y,Y,Y,Y) OUTPUT(V1,Y,N,Y,Y,Y,Y) OUTPUT(W1,Y,N,Y,Y,Y,Y) OUTPUT(E1,Y,N,Y,N,N,N) OUTPUT(VLSQ,N,N,Y,N,N,N) OUTPUT(PRPS,N,N,Y,N,N,N) ************************************************************ Group 22. Monitor Print-Out IXMON = 9 ;IYMON = 9 ;IZMON = 1 NPRMON = 100000 ;NPRMNT = 1 ;TSTSWP = -1 UWATCH = T ;USTEER = T HIGHLO = F ************************************************************ Group 23.Field Print-Out & Plot Control NPRINT = 100000 ;NUMCLS = 5 NTPRIN = -1 ;ISTPRF = 1 ;ISTPRL = 100000 NXPRIN = -1 ;IXPRF = 1 ;IXPRL = 10000 NYPRIN = -1 ;IYPRF = 1 ;IYPRL = 10000 NZPRIN = -1 ;IZPRF = 1 ;IZPRL = 10000 XZPR = F ;YZPR = T IPLTF = 1 ;IPLTL = -1 ;NPLT = -1 ISWPRF = 1 ;ISWPRL = 100000 ITABL = 3 ;IPROF = 1 ABSIZ =0.5 ;ORSIZ =0.4 NTZPRF = 1 ;NCOLPF = 50 ICHR = 2 ;NCOLCO = 45 ;NROWCO = 20 No PATCHes yet used for this Group ************************************************************ Group 24. Dumps For Restarts SAVE = T ;NOWIPE = F NSAVE =CHAM IDISPA = 2 ;IDISPB = 1 ;IDISPC = 100 CSG1 ='M' STOP