GROUP 1. Run title and other preliminaries TEXT(2D 2-PHASE TRONDHEIM BUBBLE COLUMN TITLE DISPLAY The case considered is 2-phase turbulent air-water flow in the bubble column studied by Svendsen et al ( Chem.Eng.Sci., Vol.47, No.13, p3297, 1992 ). The column is 4.25m high and 0.288m in diameter. The air and liquid enter uniformly at the base of the column with an inlet superficial velocities of 0.08m/s and 0.01m/s for the air and liquid, respectively. Both phases leave at the top of the column. The experimental data reveal clockwise liquid circulation, with upflow at the column centre and downflow at the outer wall. The inlet void fraction is taken as 0.2, and the two-phase model accounts for interfacial drag, lift and virtual-mass forces. The calculation may be performed with either the Petersen SGS turbulence model, the Rice-Geary model, or a modified k-e model which accounts for bubble-induced turbulence production. ENDDIS PHOTON USE P 10 1 0.20443E+04 0.15633E+04 CR UP Z CON R2 X 1 FI;.1 VEC X 1 SH ENDUSE REAL(DIAMC,RADC,ZLENT,PI,GRAVAC,STEN,DTT,AREA,WSLIQ,FLOWL) REAL(DIAMB,DTF,WSGAS,FLOWG,VSLIPM,EMULIQ,RGAS,RLIQ,RGINIT) INTEGER(TMODEL);REAL(TKEIN,EPIN);BOOLEAN(LIFT,VMAS);CHAR(CTURB) LIFT=T;VMAS=T MESG( Enter the required turbulence model: MESG( SGS - Petersen subgrid-scale model MESG( RICE - Rice-Geary mixing-length model MESG( KE - k-e model (default) READVDU(CTURB,CHAR,KE) DIAMC=0.288;RADC=0.5*DIAMC;ZLENT=4.25;RGAS=0.2;RLIQ=1.-RGAS PI=3.14159;GRAVAC=-9.81;STEN=0.072;EMULIQ=1.E-3;RGINIT=1.E-4 WSGAS=0.08;WSLIQ=0.01;DIAMB=10.0E-3 TKEIN=(0.1*WSLIQ)**2;EPIN=0.1643*TKEIN**1.5/(0.1*RADC) GROUP 2. Transience; time-step specification GROUP 3. X-direction grid specification CARTES=F;XULAST=0.1;AREA=XULAST*0.5*RADC*RADC GROUP 4. Y-direction grid specification NY=15;GRDPWR(Y,NY,RADC,1.0) GROUP 5. Z-direction grid specification NZ=30;GRDPWR(Z,-NZ,ZLENT,1.4) GROUP 6. Body-fitted coordinates or grid distortion GROUP 7. Variables stored, solved & named ONEPHS=F;SOLVE(P1,V1,V2,W1,W2,R1,R2) SOLUTN(P1,Y,Y,Y,P,P,P) ** deactivate harmonic averaging SOLUTN(V1,P,P,P,P,P,N);SOLUTN(V2,P,P,P,P,P,N) SOLUTN(W1,P,P,P,P,P,N);SOLUTN(W2,P,P,P,P,P,N) SOLUTN(R1,P,P,P,P,P,N);SOLUTN(R2,P,P,P,P,P,N) STORE(VREL,CFIP,ENUT,LEN1,CD,REYN,WEB) GROUP 8. Terms (in differential equations) & devices DIFCUT=0.5 GROUP 9. Properties of the medium (or media) RHO1=1.E3;RHO2=1.0 CASE :CTURB: OF WHEN SGS,3 + MESG(Petersen sgs turbulence model + TURMOD(SGSMOD);TMODEL=1 + TEXT(TRONDHEIM BUBBLE COLUMN- SGS turb. ! Switch to older, more stable grid filter based on ! sqrt(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)/3. Default filter is vol^(1/3) + EL1A=-EL1A WHEN RICE,4 + MESG(Rice-Geary mixing-length turbulence model + TURMOD(MIXLEN-RICE);TMODEL=2 + TEXT(TRONDHEIM BUBBLE COLUMN- Rice-Geary turb. WHEN KE,2 + MESG(k-e turbulence model + TURMOD(KEMODL);TMODEL=3;FIINIT(KE)=TKEIN;FIINIT(EP)=EPIN + PRT(R1)=1.5;PRT(R2)=1.5 + TEXT(TRONDHEIM BUBBLE COLUMN- K-E turb. ENDCASE ENUL=EMULIQ/RHO1 GROUP 10. Inter-phase-transfer processes and properties CFIPS=GRND7 CFIPD=4.0;VSLIPM=1.E-4;CFIPA=VSLIPM;CFIPB=DIAMB;CFIPC=STEN RLOLIM=1.E-3 IF(VMAS) THEN + CVM=0.5;STORE(VMSV,VMSW) + OUTPUT(VMSW,N,P,Y,P,Y,P);OUTPUT(VMSV,N,P,Y,P,Y,P) ENDIF IF(LIFT) THEN + CLIFT=-0.5;INTSOR(LIFT,CLIFT,RELAX,0.1) + OUTPUT(LISW,N,P,P,P,Y,P);OUTPUT(LISV,N,P,P,P,Y,P) ENDIF GROUP 11. Initialization of variable or porosity fields FIINIT(R1)=RLIQ;FIINIT(R2)=RGAS;FIINIT(W1)=WSLIQ/RLIQ FIINIT(W2)=WSGAS/RGAS;FIINIT(V1)=0.1 FIINIT(W2)=0.6;FIINIT(W1)=0.6 GROUP 12. Patchwise adjustment of terms GROUP 13. Boundary conditions and special sources FLOWL=RHO1*WSLIQ ** Liquid inlet boundary condition PATCH(INL,LOW,1,NX,1,NY,1,1,1,LSTEP) COVAL(INL,P1,FIXFLU,FLOWL);COVAL(INL,W1,ONLYMS,WSLIQ/RLIQ) IF(TMODEL.EQ.3) THEN + COVAL(INL,KE,ONLYMS,TKEIN);COVAL(INL,EP,ONLYMS,EPIN) ENDIF FLOWG=RHO2*WSGAS ** Gas inlet boundary condition PATCH(ING,LOW,1,NX,1,NY,1,1,1,LSTEP) COVAL(ING,P2,FIXFLU,FLOWG);COVAL(ING,W2,ONLYMS,WSGAS/RGAS) ** Gas outlet boundary condition PATCH(OUTG,HIGH,1,NX,1,NY,NZ,NZ,1,LSTEP) COVAL(OUTG,P2,RHO2*1.E4,0.0) ** Liquid outlet boundary condition PATCH(OUTL,HIGH,1,NX,1,NY,NZ,NZ,1,LSTEP) COVAL(OUTL,P1,RHO1*1.E4,0.0) PATCH(GRAVITY,PHASEM,1,NX,1,NY,1,NZ,1,LSTEP) COVAL(GRAVITY,W2,FIXFLU,GRAVAC*(1.-RHO1/RHO2)) WALL(NWALL,NORTH,1,NX,NY,NY,1,NZ,1,LSTEP) COVAL(NWALL,W2,1.0,0.0) ** Bubble-induced turbulence production IF(TMODEL.EQ.3) THEN + KELIN=1 + PATCH(KEDI,CELL,1,NX,1,NY,1,NZ,1,LSTEP);EL1A=0.1 + COVAL(KEDI,KE,FIXFLU,GRND3);COVAL(KEDI,EP,FIXFLU,GRND3) ENDIF GROUP 15. Termination of sweeps ** 3000 sweeps are required for a converged solution LSWEEP=1250;TSTSWP=-10 GROUP 16. Termination of iterations SELREF=T;RESFAC=0.01 GROUP 17. Under-relaxation devices DTF=7.E-3 RELAX(P1,LINRLX,0.5) RELAX(V1,FALSDT,DTF);RELAX(V2,FALSDT,DTF) RELAX(W1,FALSDT,DTF);RELAX(W2,FALSDT,DTF) RELAX(R1,LINRLX,0.3);RELAX(R2,LINRLX,0.3) RELAX(CFIP,LINRLX,0.3) IF(TMODEL.EQ.3) THEN + RELAX(KE,LINRLX,0.3);RELAX(EP,LINRLX,0.3) ENDIF GROUP 18. Limits on variables or increments to them VARMIN(R1)=1.E-6;VARMIN(R2)=1.E-6 GROUP 19. Data communicated by satellite to GROUND GROUP 20. Preliminary print-out GROUP 21. Print-out of variables OUTPUT(LEN1,N,N,N,N,N,N);OUTPUT(WEB,N,N,N,N,N,N) OUTPUT(CD,N,N,N,N,N,N);OUTPUT(REYN,N,N,N,N,N,N) OUTPUT(CFIP,Y,N,N,N,N,N) GROUP 22. Spot-value print-out IYMON=2;IZMON=28 GROUP 23. Field print-out and plot control NPRINT=LSWEEP;NZPRIN=2;NYPRIN=2;NPLT=50;ITABL=3 WALPRN=T GROUP 24. Dumps for restarts