GROUP 1. Run title and other preliminaries TEXT(Steady Free-Convec In Calandria TITLE DISPLAY The system simulated is a horizontal cylindrical heat exchanger. Water enters the heat exchanger at the side, and is directed tangentially. It leaves through a vent at the top of the cylinder. Because of symmetry, only a 180 degree sector is considered as the domain of integration in cylindrical-polar coordinates. In its passage through the heat exchanger, the water is heated by a tube bank which supplies a constant heat flux in to the water. The blockage to flow caused by the presence of the tube bank is represented by means of porosity factors set by the command CONPOR. Momentum sinks representing the resistive effect of the tubes have not been included. The flow pattern is governed chiefly by buoyancy effects, with the result that for some heating rates, unexpected flow patterns are produced which cause hot spots to appear. The flow is laminar throughout. ENDDIS REAL(TINLET,POWER,GRAVTY);TINLET=28.7;POWER=10.0 DVO1DT=5.12E-4*CP1;GRAVTY=9.81 GROUP 3. X-direction grid specification CARTES=F;GRDPWR(X,28,3.1416,1.0) GROUP 4. Y-direction grid specification GRDPWR(Y,28,0.37,1.0) GROUP 7. Variables stored, solved & named **The enthalpy variable, H1, is used for the temperature of the water. This is effected by the prescription of a temperature rather than an enthalpy value at inlet, and by the de-activation of the built-in sources of H1. The variable is not re-named as TEMP because H1 is recognized in GXBUOY as the field that drives the buoyancy force. SOLVE(P1,U1,V1,H1) GROUP 8. Terms (in differential equations) and devices. ** Cut out the built-in source term TERMS(H1,N,P,P,P,P,P) GROUP 9. Properties of the medium (or media) RHO1=1.0E3;ENUL=1.E-6;PRNDTL(H1)=6.0 GROUP 11. Initialization of variable or porosity fields FIINIT(H1)=TINLET **The tube banks which extend to 4/5ths of the radius are represented by a porosity factor of 0.8 . CONPOR(0.8,VOLUME,1,NX,1,4*NY/5,1,1) CONPOR(0.8,EAST,1,NX,1,4*NY/5,1,1) CONPOR(0.8,NORTH,1,NX,1,4*NY/5,1,1) GROUP 13. Boundary conditions and special sources ** Water inlet at the side of the cylinder... INLET(INLET,EAST,NX/2-1,NX/2-1,NY-1,NY-1,1,1,1,1) VALUE(INLET,P1,130.0);VALUE(INLET,U1,-0.13) VALUE(INLET,H1,TINLET) ** Water outlet at the top of the cylinder... PATCH(OUTLET,CELL,NX,NX,NY,NY,1,1,1,1) COVAL(OUTLET,P1,1.E3,0.0) COVAL(OUTLET,U1,ONLYMS,0.0);COVAL(OUTLET,V1,ONLYMS,0.0) COVAL(OUTLET,H1,ONLYMS,SAME) ** Friction exerted by outer cylinder wall... WALL (OUTER,NORTH,1,NX,NY,NY,1,1,1,1);COVAL(OUTER,U1,1.0,0.0) ** Buoyancy force represented by the Boussinesq approximation. PATCH(BUOYANT,PHASEM,1,NX,1,NY,1,1,1,1) COVAL(BUOYANT,U1,FIXFLU,BOUSS);COVAL(BUOYANT,V1,FIXFLU,BOUSS) BUOYB=GRAVTY;BUOYE=TINLET ** Heat source to water from the tube bank... PATCH(HEAT,VOLUME,1,NX,1,4*NY/5,1,1,1,1) COVAL(HEAT,H1,FIXFLU,3.18*POWER) GROUP 15. Termination of sweeps LSWEEP=250 GROUP 17. Under-relaxation devices RELAX(U1,FALSDT,0.1);RELAX(V1,FALSDT,0.1);RELAX(H1,FALSDT,2.0) GROUP 18. Limits on variables or increments to them VARMIN(U1)=-1.0;VARMAX(U1)=1.0 VARMIN(V1)=-1.0;VARMAX(V1)=1.0 VARMIN(H1)=TINLET GROUP 22. Spot-value print-out IXMON=3;IYMON=5 GROUP 23. Print-out & plot control NXPRIN=NX/5;NYPRIN=NY/5;ITABL=3;NPLT=LSWEEP/20 PATCH(DOMAIN,CONTUR,1,NX,1,NY,1,1,1,1) PLOT(DOMAIN,H1,1.0,20.)